Dry-type transformers operate based on two core principles: electromagnetic induction (energy transfer) and air circulation cooling (heat dissipation). The detailed working process is as follows:

1. Energy Transfer via Electromagnetic Induction
•Primary Winding Activation: When alternating current (AC) flows through the primary winding, it generates a changing magnetic flux in the laminated iron core.
•Magnetic Flux Transmission: The iron core concentrates and guides the magnetic flux to the secondary winding, minimizing energy loss.
•Voltage Induction: The changing magnetic flux induces an alternating voltage in the secondary winding, with the voltage ratio strictly proportional to the turns ratio (V1/V2 = N1/N2).
•Energy Transfer: Electrical energy is transferred from the primary side to the secondary side through the magnetic field, completing voltage conversion.

2. Heat Dissipation via Air Circulation
•Heat Generation: During operation, the windings and core generate heat due to electrical resistance and magnetic losses.
•Air Heating: The surrounding air absorbs the heat from the windings and core, causing it to expand and rise.
•Circulation & Cooling: For natural cooling (AN) models, the heated air is replaced by cold air through natural convection. For forced air cooling (AF) models, fans blow cold air over the winding surface, accelerating heat dissipation. The cooled air circulates continuously to maintain stable operating temperature.

The solid insulation materials (epoxy resin) used in the windings provide excellent electrical insulation and mechanical strength, ensuring safe operation without oil leakage risks.